Also known as: Calcitriol
Description
Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health. They are needed in small amounts only and are available in the foods that you eat. Vitamin D is necessary for strong bones and teeth.
Lack of vitamin D may lead to a condition called rickets, especially in children, in which bones and teeth are weak. In adults it may cause a condition called osteomalacia, in which calcium is lost from bones so that they become weak. Your doctor may treat these problems by prescribing vitamin D for you. Vitamin D is also sometimes used to treat other diseases in which calcium is not used properly by the body.
Ergocalciferol is the form of vitamin D used in vitamin supplements.
Some conditions may increase your need for vitamin D. These include:
Alcoholism Intestine diseases Kidney disease Liver disease Overactivity of the parathyroid glands with kidney failure Pancreas disease Surgical removal of stomach
In addition, individuals and breast-fed infants who lack exposure to sunlight, as well as dark-skinned individuals, may be more likely to have a vitamin D deficiency. Increased need for vitamin D should be determined by your health care professional.
Alfacalcidol, calcifediol, calcitriol, and dihydrotachysterol are forms of vitamin D used to treat hypocalcemia (not enough calcium in the blood). Alfacalcidol, calcifediol, and calcitriol are also used to treat certain types of bone disease that may occur with kidney disease in patients who are undergoing kidney dialysis.
Claims that vitamin D is effective for treatment of arthritis and prevention of nearsightedness or nerve problems have not been proven. Some psoriasis patients may benefit from vitamin D supplements; however, controlled studies have not been performed.
Injectable vitamin D is given by or under the supervision of a health care professional. Some strengths of ergocalciferol and all strengths of alfacalcidol, calcifediol, calcitriol, and dihydrotachysterol are available only with your doctor's prescription. Other strengths of ergocalciferol are available without a prescription. However, it may be a good idea to check with your health care professional before taking vitamin D on your own. Taking large amounts over long periods may cause serious unwanted effects.
Dosage
This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain vitamin d and related compounds. It may not be specific to Rocaltrol. Please read with care.
For use as a dietary supplement:
Do not take more than the recommended daily amount. Vitamin D is stored in the body, and taking too much over a period of time can cause poisoning and even death.
If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.
For individuals taking the oral liquid form of this dietary supplement:
This preparation should be taken by mouth even though it comes in a dropper bottle. This dietary supplement may be dropped directly into the mouth or mixed with cereal, fruit juice, or other food.
While you are taking alfacalcidol, calcifediol, calcitriol, dihydrotachysterol, doxercalciferol or paricalcitol , your health care professional may want you to follow a special diet or take a calcium supplement. Be sure to follow instructions carefully. If you are already taking a calcium supplement or any medicine containing calcium, make sure your health care professional knows.
The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For alfacalcidol To treat bone disease in kidney patients undergoing kidney dialysis: For oral dosage form (capsules): Adults and teenagers—At first, 1 microgram (mcg) a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. However, most people will take not more than 3 mcg a day. For oral dosage form (drops): Adults and teenagers—At first, 1 microgram (mcg) a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. However, most people will take not more than 3 mcg a day. For oral dosage form (solution): Adults and teenagers—At first, 1 mcg a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. However, most people will take not more than 3 mcg a day. For parenteral dosage form (injection): Adults and teenagers—At first, 1 mcg a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. However, most people will take not more than 12 mcg a week. To treat diseases in which calcium is not used properly by the body: For oral dosage form (capsules): Adults and teenagers—At first, 0.25 microgram (mcg) a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. However, most people will take not more than 1 mcg a day. For oral dosage form (drops): Adults and teenagers—At first, 0.25 microgram (mcg) a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. However, most people will take not more than 1 mcg a day. For oral dosage form (solution): Adults and teenagers—At first, 0.25 mcg a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. However, most people will take not more than 1 mcg a day.
For calcifediol To treat diseases in which calcium is not used properly by the body or to treat bone disease in kidney patients undergoing kidney dialysis: For oral dosage form (capsules): Adults, teenagers, and children over 10 years of age—At first, 300 to 350 micrograms (mcg) a week, taken in divided doses either once a day or every other day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. Children 2 to 10 years of age—50 mcg a day. Children up to 2 years of age—20 to 50 mcg a day. To treat diseases in which calcium is not used properly by the body or to treat bone disease in kidney patients undergoing kidney dialysis: For oral dosage forms (capsules and solution): Adults, teenagers, and children—At first, 0.25 micrograms (mcg) a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. For parenteral dosage forms (injection): Adults and teenagers—At first, 0.5 mcg injected into a vein three times a week. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
For dihydrotachysterol To treat diseases in which calcium is not used properly by the body: For oral dosage forms (capsules, solution, or tablets): Adults and teenagers—At first, 100 micrograms (mcg) to 2.5 milligrams (mg) a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. Children—At first, 1 to 5 mg a day. Your doctor may change your dose if needed.
For doxercalciferol To treat an overactive parathyroid gland in patients with kidney failure: For oral dosage form (capsules): Adults—10 micrograms (mcg) three times weekly at dialysis. The doctor may change your dose if needed. Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
For ergocalciferol The amount of vitamin D to meet normal daily recommended intakes will be different for different individuals. The following information includes only the average amounts of vitamin D. To prevent deficiency, the amount taken by mouth is based on normal daily recommended intakes: For oral dosage form (capsules): For the U.S. Adults and teenagers—5 to 10 micrograms (mcg) (200 to 400 Units) per day. Pregnant and breast-feeding females—10 mcg (400 Units) per day. Children 4 to 10 years of age—10 mcg (400 Units) per day. Children birth to 3 years of age—7.5 to 10 mcg (300 to 400 Units) per day. For Canada Adults and teenagers—2.5 to 5 mcg (100 to 200 Units) per day. Pregnant and breast-feeding females—5 to 7.5 mcg (200 to 300 Units) per day. Children 7 to 10 years of age—2.5 to 5 mcg (100 to 200 Units) per day. Children 4 to 6 years of age—5 mcg (200 Units) per day. Children birth to 3 years of age—5 to 10 mcg (200 to 400 Units) per day. To treat deficiency: Adults, teenagers, and children—Treatment dose is determined by prescriber for each individual based on severity of deficiency. To treat diseases in which calcium and phosphate are not used properly by the body: Adults and teenagers—At first, 1000 to 500,000 Units a day. The doctor may change your dose if needed. Children—At first, 1000 to 200,000 Units a day. The doctor may change your dose if needed.
For paricalcitol To treat an overactive parathyroid gland in patients with kidney failure: For oral dosage form (capsules): Adults—1 to 2 micrograms (mcg) one time per day or 2 to 4 mcg three times a week (not more often than every other day). The doctor may change your dose if needed. Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor. For parenteral dosage form (injection): Adults—0.04 to 0.1 micrograms (mcg) per kg no more than every other day during dialysis. The doctor may change your dose if needed. Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
Overdose
If you overdose Generic Arcium and you don't feel good you should visit your doctor or health care provider immediately.
Storage
Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F) away from moisture, light and heat. Keep container tightly closed. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date. Keep out of the reach of children.
Studies on the mechanism of drug sensitization: T-cell-dependent popliteal lymph node reaction to diphenylhydantoin. A constrained liner cemented into a secure cementless acetabular shell. Cytoplasm can be isolated in physiological media in which rigor, relaxation, and contraction can be induced, as in muscle, by manipulating the concentrations of calcium ions and magnesium-adenosine triphosphate. Chronic alcoholic patients met criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, of the American Psychiatric Association) for alcohol abuse or dependence. No significant differences were observed between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients without severe diabetic glomerulopathy and non-diabetic patients.
A Tale of Two Baby-Friendly Hospitals: Comparison of a Military and a Civilian Experience. Telbivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B: A journey to identify super-responders and to optimize treatment using the roadmap model. Abnormal cardiac wall motion and early matrix metalloproteinase activity. Microvessel mean transit time and blood flow velocity of sulfhemoglobin-RBC. Cryopreservation of sperm in common carp Cyprinus carpio: sperm motility and hatching success of embryos. The effect of added pig slurry and solarization on the survival of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 strain 1609 in soil was analysed in soil microcosms and field plots. These interventions are easily standardized across delivery sites and various target populations. The F3 generation of resistant lineage was uniformly resistant at all ages tested. Retinoic acid (RA) is known to have dramatic effects on limb pattern formation and has been shown to exert its effects on limbs by converting anterior limb bud cells into cells with posterior positional properties. To determine the clinical profile and prognosis of Scedosporium keratitis.
These findings suggest that spatiotemporal tactile motion is effective in inducing what drug class is vasotec a change in the perceived forward velocity of self-motion. Denaturation and renaturation of the monomeric phosphoglycerate mutase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Functional proteomics: large-scale analysis of protein kinase activity. of 40 kD epitopes existed to which antibodies were produced, capable of cross reaction with the components of M. These findings are described within the context of current concepts of stress and noradrenergic dysfunction in panic disorder. Deitary silver or copper (1,000 ppm) counteracted the growth depression and prevented mortality at the higher levels of selenium. In dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas, adding extracellular manganese increased amylase release. Endogenous phosphorylation experiments indicated that the receptor alpha subunit may also be phosphorylated in crude membranes by a protein kinase activity present in those membranes. Interventions include forewarning inpatients that problems may occur and helping them identify potential problems. Few cases have been documented, and there have not been many sizable studies on acute hepatic sequestration in sickle cell disease.
The physiological role of this channel remains to be determined. Our test employs a new statistic - the summed absolute differences between certain columns in flattened phylogenetic matrices - as well as a previously used statistic that measures the distance of a flattened matrix from the space of rank-10 matrices. Minimal sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis in school children and young persons. The finding that the nucleotide sequence recognized by SQ is a hybrid containing components from both the SP and SB target sequences suggested that DNA recognition is carried out by two separable domains within each specificity polypeptide. Effects of nicotinic acid on the acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations of rat blood and liver. The 45Ca exchange data were found to be consistent with a system in which two compartments of exchangeable calcium are associated with the mitochondria. A histochemical identification of the androgen-producing cells in the gonads of the domestic fowl and albino rat. Study on the polymorphism of interleukin-1 gene and the susceptibility to essential hypertension. The oxygen consumption rate (QO2) of granulation tissue from cylinders implanted in bipedicle tube flaps of rabbits was measured weeks 2 to 7 in vitro in a Biological Oxygen Monitor. This distinction may be difficult, and the main criterion is the amount of cytoplasmic lipid in the parenchymal cells.
Aneuploid tumours tended to be of higher grade and stage than diploid tumours. Treatment options for patients with advanced pulmonary vascular disease caused by a congenital heart defect are still mainly limited to heart-lung transplantation or lung transplantation with repair of the cardiac lesion. On the 20th day of culture, the same percentage of cells had the capability to take up serotonin, but the number of those which took up 5-hydroxytryptophan and decarboxylated it to serotonin had decreased markedly. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for separating and determining navelbine and possible metabolites in plasma, cell culture medium and MO4 cells. Participants completed diagnostic interviews, Child Trauma Questionnaire, Social Adjustment Scale and items adapted from the Wisconsin Manual for Assessing Psychotic-Like Experiences. The effect observed is greater with the use of fractionated TLI than after single doses of irradiation. Effective blocking of natural cytotoxicity of young rabbit serum on murine thymocytes by high concentration of glucose in complement-dependent cytotoxicity method. We have used immunohistochemical techniques to describe the formation of the intestinal muscle layers.
Small doses of morphine, the classic agonist, increased intakes of alcoholic beverage at doses as low as 0.41 mg/kg. The concentrations of the major components where to buy clobetasol propionate topical solution Na and Cl- did not differ, Zn was higher and NO3- was lower in CF-patients. This potential is a prominent positive wave which peaks approximately 12--15 msec following click stimuli. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major renal pathogen in congenitally infected infants and renal allograft recipients. These results suggest that adrenergic stimulation of glycogenolysis, which in young adult male rats is generally attributed to alpha adrenergic-mediated processes, becomes mediated predominantly by beta adrenergic-responsive adenylate cyclase during post-maturational aging. Mechanization of library procedures in a medium-sized medical library: XVI. In addition, it is well suited for computer programming and for the comparison of patients and therapy, as well as for delineating the natural history of vulvar cancer. Lack of an MLR response was not associated with the presence of a suppressor lymphoid-cell population in the placenta. Tibial bone loss and soft-tissue defect treated simultaneously with llizarov-technique--a case report. A method for the purification of mouse monoclonal antibodies from hybridoma culture supernatants is described.
All of the ADCC epitopes were contained within the amino-terminal half of the extracellular portion of gB. YMP exists as a molten globule like structure on day 24 as depicted by high ANS fluorescence and altered intrinsic fluorescence. Because of their contractile activity and their high oxygen consumption and metabolic rate, skeletal muscles continually produce moderate levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which increase during exercise and are buffered by multiple antioxidant systems to maintain redox homeostasis. Descriptions of clinical exams and CT reports were reviewed to see how CT information modified T classification. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of the PP-RP-specific CTL line inhibited the growth of a human esophageal cancer cell line engrafted in nude mice. Acquired auto-immune hemolytic anemia, symptomatic of reticulosarcoma.
Daily administration of 1-desamino-D-arginine vasopressin (0.1 to 5 micrograms/100 g b.w.), ACTH 4-10 (0.1 to 2 micrograms/100 g b.w.) and adrenaline (0.2 to 2.0 micrograms/100 g b.w.) facilitated the learning performance in a dose-dependent manner. Some of these tumours were radiosensitive and could thus be treated by radiotherapy without loss of the affected eye. Judging by these indices neither regimen had a deleterious effect on liver function. 300-3000 lung cancer cases (most probable 1100) may occur in the future in the Swedish population of 8.4 million from radon daughter exposure indoors today. Therefore, we have found that bicuculline has a convulsant effect upon single-unit activity as previously reported by others. A lack of direct role of hepatitis B virus in the activation of ras and c-myc oncogenes in human hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Induction of proliferation and differentiation of cultured urothelial cells on acellular biomaterials. Central chemosensitivity is ascribed to three areas on the ventral medullary surface. Digital stories as a tool for health promotion and youth engagement.
It is concluded that the FCS consists of a chain of single neurons, located in each ganglion and electrotonically coupled to each other. Differential effects of cocaine and methamphetamine on neurotensin/neuromedin N and preprotachykinin messenger RNA expression in unique regions of the striatum. Interestingly, also adsorption on the highly hydrophilic rutile surface induces considerable spreading of the protein. Having achieved equality of access to health care, Canadian policymakers are setting new policy goals, within resource constraints, primarily to achieve equity of access to health. The results showed that alternative pathway turnover was dependent upon C3 turnover, but failed to support the notion that levels of C3bINA or protonix dosage iv beta 1H control alternative pathway turnover in RA.
There is evidence that rTMS is safe and not associated with any adverse events, but given the variability in technique and outcome reporting that prevented meta-analysis, the evidence for efficacy of rTMS for seizure reduction is still lacking despite reasonable evidence that it is effective at reducing epileptiform discharges. These results demonstrate that altered heme vinyl-globin interactions only slightly affect the physical properties of Mb. Polarity of human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection in polarized human lung epithelial A549 cells: role of microfilament and microtubule. Then through direct DNA sequencing with PCR products of FUT1 and FUT2 genes, the genotypes of their H and SE gene loci were analyzed. A new periodogram using one-way analysis of variance for circadian rhythms.
Using inexpensive integration circuits, a device was developed that can transform extracellularly recorded neuronal impulses into signals readily visible on polygraph charts. The aim of this study was to investigate the diurnal variation of corneal tangent modulus, measured using a novel corneal prevacid 30mg capsules indentation device, in healthy Chinese subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers advantages in localisation and tissue characterisation. Biochemical effects in rats after acute and long-term treatment with clovoxamine. We found that the antigenic sites of the MAbs described in this paper are represented by linear peptides of at least 10 amino acids long.